Análise bibliográfica da sífilis congênita: implicações para a saúde materno-infantil

Abstract

Syphilis, a Sexually Transmitted Infection (STI) caused by Treponema pallidum, represents a challenge for public health in Brazil. Transmission occurs through unprotected sexual contact, blood transfusions, vertical transmission from mother to child and exposure to contaminated biological material. Despite efforts, the country faces high rates of syphilis in pregnant women and vertical transmission, with serious consequences, including abortion, neonatal death and complications for the baby. This study aimed to: Identify risk factors related to vertical transmission of congenital syphilis, including socioeconomic aspects, quality of prenatal care, early diagnosis and adequacy of treatment; Highlight the impact of congenital syphilis infection on the health of both the mother and the newborn, considering the clinical and epidemiological consequences; Propose possible measures to mitigate the identified risk factors, aiming to prevent the transmission of congenital syphilis and promote maternal and child health. The methodology of the study is through a bibliographical research of scientific literature. 10 articles were selected and were considered suitable for the final analysis. Throughout the study, the main risk factors were identified, highlighting the clinical and epidemiological consequences of the infection and possible mitigation measures were proposed in accordance with what was found in the selected literature. As final considerations, the research revealed risk factors for congenital syphilis, such as young age, mixed/black ethnicity, low education and income, in pregnant women who, surprisingly, received low-quality prenatal care. It also highlights the importance of diverse approaches, including preventive education, training, patient-centered basic care and early screening, to mitigate congenital syphilis and improve maternal and child health.