A história da doação de órgãos no Brasil: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the evolution of organ donation in Brazil, highlighting the main challenges faced by the National Transplant System (SNT), such as the scarcity of donors, regional inequality in the supply and access to transplants, and sociocultural barriers that hinder family authorization. The research was conducted through a literature review, based on scientific publications, institutional documents, and national legislation. It was observed that, despite significant advances in recent decades, such as the creation of Law No. 9,434/1997 and the structuring of Transplant Centers, the country still lacks effective actions to increase donation rates and reduce the waiting list for organs. Therefore, the objective of this work is to analyze the evolution of organ donation in Brazil, highlighting the main challenges faced by the National Transplant System (SNT), such as the scarcity of donors, regional inequality in the supply and access to transplants, and sociocultural barriers that hinder family authorization. Among the strategies analyzed, the following stand out: the promotion of permanent educational campaigns, the decentralization of organ procurement and transplantation services, and the humanization of family approaches. The study also paid attention to the role of nursing, an essential professional category in the process of identifying and maintaining potential donors, supporting families, and participating in hospital committees. It concludes that strengthening the organ donation system in Brazil requires investments in professional training, regionalized public policies, and continuous social awareness, with a view to consolidating a culture of solidarity and respect for human dignity.