Monitoramento do fluxo e nível de água em nascentes

Abstract

Historically, numerous accidents involving natural phenomena such as waterspouts and floods have been recorded. These natural disasters bring a series of negative impacts to the areas where they occur, ranging from material losses to irreversible damage, such as the loss of human lives, which could be mitigated if there were prior warnings regarding changes in water level and flow from river springs. Based on this, this study aims to develop and implement a system capable of monitoring the flow and water level of river springs in real-time, with the goal of mitigating the impacts caused and reducing risks associated with natural disasters, such as flash floods, to ensure the safety of those exposed to these risks and the local communities. To ensure the system's effectiveness and accurate functionality, ultrasonic sensors for distance measurement, soil moisture sensors, and water flow sensors will be used. A prototype will be created based on the Arduino microcontroller platform, integrating these sensors to enable the continuous collection of data related to variations in water level and flow. The communication of this data will occur through LoRa modules and antennas, facilitating transmission over remote areas and long distances, using technology that allows data transmission between two points up to 15 km apart. The analysis of data collected through the sensors will enable the identification of behavioral patterns and variations in water flow and level, allowing for correlation with parameters detected during flash floods or flood events. Based on the assessment of this data, an alert system will be implemented to emit audible signals warning of abrupt increases in water flow and level, sending information to a central control panel with a sound alarm. Based on theoretical and practical foundations, it is observed that monitoring springs to prevent and reduce the impacts caused by natural disasters is essential for the safety of people in areas vulnerable to flash floods. Therefore, the development of this real-time monitoring system offers a practical and effective solution to address this issue. The relevance of this project is clear in both theoretical and practical fields, considering its application to areas such as hydrology, natural disaster prevention strategies, environmental monitoring technologies, and water resource management policies. The adoption of effective, assertive, and accessible technologies, such as Arduino and specialized sensors, when integrated, offers an efficient approach for accurately monitoring water flow and level in springs.